Paika Rebellion in Tamil

Recently Tamil Nadu Government announce the new Syllabus and curriculum for state board schools, the drafted new syllabus for Classes 1 to 12.
On behalf TNPSC aspirants need to study new syllabus books.

Paika Revolt:

India’s FIRST WAR FOR INDEPENDANCE happend in 1817 not in 1857 .

Yes , In middle school it must have been hard for you to memorize the event of Sepoy Mutiny , Meerut 1857 but now thanks to HRD Ministry, 2017 to give importance to “Paika Bidroha” .

Paika Bidroha or Paika Rebellion is unpopular event took place in Odisha in 1817 by group of “Paika’s” or peasants with Bakshi Jagabandhu as leader against East India Company.

The company had alienated the peasants , and various land reform policies were suppressed by new company laws , both zamidars and peasants were in struggle ,hardship . New rise in Taxes like Salt tax agitated the peasants. The company also abolished Cowrie Currency and mandated the tax to be paid in silver.

THE RAJA KHURDA in 1804 itself started planning the rebellion , Bakshi Jagabandhu was assigned leadership and in MARCH 1817 the rebellion broke out with wide support from peasants , chiefs of various Odia Society and common masses . While the revolt started from Khurda it soon spread out to various parts of Odisha like Puri , Pali , Cuttack and remote villages . Attacks on various government offices , police station , streets took place.

Soon Company Army realised the heat of situation and immediately the magistrate of Cuttack , E Impey ordered the forces to defend the revolt .

By May 1817 the British Company was able to re establish the province and situation was brought under control with capture of Raja of Khurda.

Though fight between heavily armed british soldiers and strong but ill equipped thousand people was one sided , still the message was clear to british company that the people would not accept their inhuman rule.

Union Government on request on Chief Minister of Odisha has directed the Educational Institutional to make changes in event of history and replace the first war of independence with ‘Paika Bidroha’ .

TNPSC CCSE-1 & 2 STUDY PLAN

TNPSC Group 1 and 2 Study plan

Click the below link to download the GROUP 1,2 PLAN
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1-uQrf2G7O796m5zNvQlQjV6ICu7iT2m_/view?usp=drivesdk

TNPSC CCSE-1&2 Highlighted syllabus

COMBINED CIVIL SERVICE EXAMINATION
GROUP 1 and 2

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1zzeAbBkPRkhstamPnsv69-_mVpH97qul/view?usp=drivesdk

Highlighted syllabus for you
Click the Above link to download

Railway Loco pilot Examination

 *ரயில்வே Post of Assistant Loco Pilot (ALP) & Technician Categories*

கடைசி தேதி : 05.03.2018 up to 23.59 Hrs

அறிக்கை : https://goo.gl/eC32w9

 விண்ணப்பம் :  http://www.rrbchennai.gov.in/

 *1.முதல்கட்டமாக  1 st Computer Based Test (CBT) தேர்வு நடக்கும்*

நேரம் : 60  Min,

கேள்விகளின் எண்ணிக்கை : 75

தவறான கேள்விக்கு -0.33  குறையும் 

இதில் மொத்தம் நான்கு  பாடம் 

1.Mathematics

2.General Intelligence and Reasoning

3.General Science

4.General awareness on current affairs

_உங்கள் community பிரிவு இடஒதுக்கீடு படி 1: 15  விகிதத்தில்  அடுத்தக்கட்ட தேர்வுக்கு தேர்வு  செய்வார்கள்_

 *2.இரண்டாவது   கட்டமாக  2 nd Computer Based Test (CBT) தேர்வு நடக்கும்*

Total Duration: 2 hours and 30 Minutes (for Part A and Part B)

 *part A  யில் நான்கு  பாடம் உள்ளது*

1.Mathematics

2.General Intelligence and Reasoning

3.Basic Science and Engineering

4.General Awareness on Current Affairs

நேரம்: 90 Min,

கேள்விகளின் எண்ணிக்கை: 100 

தவறான கேள்விக்கு -0.33  குறையும் 

🚃 *PART B (Engineering Discipline(Diploma/Degree)*

SYLLABUS : http://dget.nic.in/content/innerpage/trade-syllabus.php

இந்த ஒருபுத்தகத்தை  பயிற்சி எடுங்கள் 

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1GdZea7Obicfc7RDqaRtcP0RPfDqj4uG0/view

RAILWAY GROUP-D EXAM

ரெயில்வே குரூப் D தேர்வு பற்றிய சில தகவல்கள்:

* இந்தியாவின் அனைத்து ரெயில்வே ஆட்சேர்ப்பு வாரியங்களும் (RRB) ஒருங்கிணைந்த அறிவிப்பினை (CEN No 02/2018) வெளியிட்டுள்ளன.
* மொத்த பணியிடங்கள் 62907 இதில் தென்னக ரெயில்வேக்கு (2979+EX SERVICEMAN  597+OH 12+HH 18)
 * வயது வரம்பு 18 -31(விதிகளின் படி வயது வரம்பு சலுகை உண்டு)

*  கல்வித் தகுதி :
#10ம் வகுப்பு

#10ம் வகுப்பு மற்றும் National Apprenticeship Certificate (NAC) granted by NCVT

#10 ம்வகுப்பு மற்றும் ITI from institutions recognised by
NCVT/SCVT

இதில் 10ம் வகுப்பு தகுதி மட்டும்(ITI,NCVT அல்லாது DIPLAMO,ENGINEERING முடித்திருந்தாலும் கூட) உடைய நபர்கள் கீழ்க்கண்ட பதவிகளுக்கு மட்டும் விண்ணப்பிக்க தகுதி உடையவர்கள்

HELPER / MEDICAL
HOSPITAL ATTENDANT
ASSISTANT POINTSMAN
GATEMAN
PORTER / HAMAL / SWEEPER CUM PORTER-(தென்னக ரயில்வேயில் இந்த ஒரு பதவிக்கு மட்டும் 10ம் வகுப்பு தகுதி மட்டும் உடையவர்கள் விண்ணப்பிக்க முடியும்)

மேலும் 10 ம்வகுப்பு மற்றும் NAC, ITI from institutions recognised by NCVT/SCVT முடித்தவர்கள் அறிக்கையில் உள்ள அனைத்து பதவிகளுக்கும் விண்ணப்பிக்க தகுதி உடையவர்கள்.

*சம்பள வீதம் ரூ.18000 + படிகள் (ஏழாவது ஊதியக்குழு Pay Matrix Level 1)
*விண்ணப்பிக்கும் முறை: ஆன்லைன் மூலமாக மட்டும்.
*விண்ணப்பிக்க தொடங்கும் நாள்: 10.02.2018
*  விண்ணப்பிக்க கடைசி தேதி: 12.03.2018
* சென்னை R R B வலைதளம்: www.rrbchennai.gov.in

விண்ணப்பிப்பதற்க்கு முன் தெரிந்துகொள்ள வேண்டியவை
• தேர்வினை தமிழில் எழுதலாம்.
• ஆன்லைன் ல் விண்ணபிக்க OBC சான்றிதழ் தேவை இல்லை.OBC NON CREAMY/CREAMY ஆப்சன் ஐ தேர்வு செய்தால் போதுமானது.(CV க்கு செல்லும் போது மட்டும் அனெக்சர் II ல் குறிப்பிடப்பட்ட மாதிரி வடிவத்தில் கட்டாயம் OBC சான்றிதல் தேவை)
• OBC NONCREAMY LAYER/OBC CREAMY LAYER எது என தேர்வு செய்ய வேண்டும்.
• சமீபத்தில் 1-12-2017 க்கு பின் எடுக்கப்பட்ட புகைப்படம் 20-50 kb jpeg format (பெயர் மற்றும் புகைப்படம் எடுக்கப்பட்ட தேதி கட்டாயம் குறிப்பிடப்பட்டிருக்க வேண்டும்)
• கண்ணாடி,தொப்பி அணிந்த புகைப்படங்கள்,ஒரு பக்கம் பார்த்தது போல் எடுத்த படங்கள் ஏற்கப்படாது.கண் காது மூக்கு நன்றாக தெளிவாக தெரியும்படி இருக்க வேண்டும் ஏனெனில் தேர்வின் கடைசி நிலை வரை இதே புகைப்படம் பயன்படுத்தப்படும்.
• SC/ST விண்ணப்ப தாரர்கள் தங்களுடைய ஜாதி சான்றிதழை ஸ்கேன் செய்து 50KB-100KB அளவில்  JPEG மாதிரியில் வைத்துக்கொள்ள வேண்டும்.
• Scribe Photograph in color (Wherever applicable): JPEG image of size 20 to 50KB
• அறிக்கையில் குறிப்பிட்ட கல்வி தகுதி உடையவர்கள் தாங்கள் விண்ணப்பிக்கும் பதவிக்கான மருத்துவ தகுதி பெற்றுள்ளோமா என்பதை உறுதி செய்து கொள்ளவும்.(A2,B2,B2,C1)
• தற்போது பயன்பாட்டில் உள்ள இமெயில் ID மற்றும் மொபைல் எண்ணை பயன்படுத்துமாறு அறிவுறுத்தப்படுகிறது)

தேர்வுக்கட்டணம்:
1. For all candidates except the fee concession categories mentioned below at Sl No 2 ` 500/-
2 ` 250/-* For Candidates belonging to SC / ST / Ex-Serviceman / PWDs / Female / Transgender / Minorities / Economically backward class. *This fee  shall be refunded duly deducting bank charges, on appearing in CBT.  -250/-

விண்ணப்பிக்கும் முறை:
GO TO rrbchennai.gov.in choose notification 2 and apply
• முதலில் அனைத்து விதிமுறைகளையும் தெளிவாக படித்தப்பின் விண்ணப்பிக்க தொடங்க வேண்டும்.
• எந்த RRB க்கு விண்ணப்பிக்க உள்ளீர்கள் என்பதை தேர்வு செய்ய வேண்டும்.(ஒருவர் ஏதேனும்  ஒரு RRBக்கு மட்டுமே விண்ணப்பிக்க முடியும்)
• திரையில் தெரியும் பக்கத்தில்  name, Date of Birth and Father's name as per para 1.7 of General Instruction, Mother's name, Aadhar number, State, SSLC/Matric Roll number, Year of passing SSLC/MATRIC, mobile number and email-id and then submit for registration. Candidates with ITI/NAC qualification alone can enter Roll number/year of passing for ITI/NAC qualification instead of SSLC/Matric இவற்றை சன்றிதழ்களில் உள்ளது போன்றே பதிவு செய்ய வேண்டும்.தகவல்களை பதிவு செய்த பின் தங்கள் மொபைல் க்கு OTP கிடைக்கப்பெறும் அதனை பதிவு செய்தபின் தங்களுக்கு ஒரு REGISTRATION NUMBER வழங்கப்படும்.அதை வெய்து PART1 பதிவு செய்ய வேண்டும்.
• PART1 பதிவு முறையில் provide the details of Educational qualification, Community, Gender, Religion, ExSM, PWD, CCAA, Minority, Economically backward class, Age relaxation eligibility category as applicable and other details.இவற்றை பதிவு செய்த பின் தேர்வுக் கட்டணம் செலுத்த வேண்டும்.(NET BANKING/OFFLINE CHALAN/POSTAL CHALLAN  முறையில் கட்டணம் செலுத்தலாம்).
• கட்டணம் செலுத்திய நிலவரம் உறுதி செய்த பின் PART II பதிவு செய்ய வேண்டும்.இதில் போஸ்ட் PREFERENCEஐ தேர்வு செய்ய வேண்டும் இது கட்டாயம்

Set priority / preferences for posts: If the candidate is eligible for more than one post based on his educational qualification and other details furnished, he/she must set the priority/preferences for the posts. The list of posts (in the selected RRB) for which a candidate is eligible will be displayed. The candidates can set their priority/preferences by clicking on the “Set Priority” button for the various posts that they are eligible for, in the RRB they are applying to. The candidates can fill in the preferences for all the posts listed, or a few of them as per their choice. But at least one preference must be given.

• தேர்வு மொழியினை தேர்வு செய்ய வேண்டும்.தமிழில் தேர்வு எழுதலாம்.
• பின்னர் முகவரி தேர்வு மையம் இதறபிற விவரங்கள் பதிவு செய்தபின்,புகைப்படத்தினை பதிவேற்றம் செய்து SUBMIT செய்ய வேண்டும்.
The Registration number, Selected RRB, email id and mobile number cannot be changed.

தேர்வு செய்யும் முறை:

1.முதலில் கணினி வழியாக CBT தேர்வு நடத்தப்படும்
2.தேர்வு பெற்றவர்கள் PHYSICAL TEST க்கு அழைக்கப்படுவார்கள்

FOR MALE:Should be able to lift and carry 35 kg of weight for a distance of 100 metres in 2 minutes in one chance without putting the weight down and Should be able to run for a distance of 1000 metres in 4 minutes and 15 seconds in one chance.

FOR FEMALE: Should be able to lift and carry 20 kg of weight for a distance of 100 metres in 2 minutes in one chance without putting the weight down and Should be able to run for a distance of 1000 metres in 5 minutes and 40 seconds in one chance.)
3.பின்னர் சான்றிதழ் சரிபார்ப்பு
4.மருத்துவ பரிசோதனை.

#நேர்முகத் தேர்வு இல்லை

எழுத்துத் தேர்வு பாடத்திட்டம்:

Question Type and Syllabus: The Questions will be of objective type with multiple choices and are likely to include questions pertaining to:

a. Mathematics Number system, BODMAS, Decimals, Fractions, LCM, HCF, Ratio and Proportion, Percentages, Mensuration, Time and Work; Time and Distance, Simple and Compound Interest, Profit and Loss, Algebra, Geometry and Trigonometry, Elementary Statistics, Square root, Age
Calculations, Calendar & Clock, Pipes & Cistern etc.

 b. General Intelligence and reasoning Analogies, Alphabetical and Number Series, Coding and Decoding, Mathematical operations, Relationships, Syllogism, Jumbling, Venn Diagram, Data Interpretation and Sufficiency, Conclusions and Decision making, Similarities and Differences, Analytical Reasoning, Classification, Directions, Statement – Arguments and Assumptions etc.

 c. General Science th The syllabus under this shall cover Physics, Chemistry and Life Sciences of 10 standard level.

 d. General Awareness on current affairs in Science & Technology, Sports, Culture, Personalities, Economics, Politics and any other subjects of importance.

• TNPSC அளவிற்கு ரெயில்வே தேர்வு அவ்வளவு கடினமாக இருக்காது
• நெகடிவ் மார்க் உள்ளதால் அதற்கு ஏற்ப பயிற்சி செய்ய வேண்டும்
• மேற்கண்ட சிலபஸில் உள்ள பகுதிகளை பத்தாம் வகுப்பு தரத்தில் நன்கு படித்தாலே போதுமானது அதற்கு மேல் படித்தாலும் நன்று.கணிதத்தில் அதிக அளவிலான கேள்விகள் இடம் பெறும்.
• எழுத்து தேர்வு மற்றும் உடற்கூறு தேர்வில் வெற்றி பெற்று விட்டால் அதற்கு பின் CV,MEDICAL TESTல் வெற்றி பெறுவது எளிது.

What Next step after GROUP 4 Exam

Click the below Link for the Notification

RAILWAY GROUP-D
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1vI9UnQKT6-EVgcW1WG_H6anG4PPF0ZnL/view?usp=drivesdk

CISF
https://drive.google.com/file/d/19_qaCGLFce1sZsTxNDhBsxhfJXKGVCZp/view?usp=drivesdk

ITBP
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Dg3cV3uy3w3pK1hRlwcBBKRz2lLWyYFL/view?usp=drivesdk

UPSC CSE IAS
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1zrpOCi-DxJKnqLE5oquSWZKlRbDhwr-d/view?usp=drivesdk

UPSC Indian Forest service
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1cQeEpwkznxAsTy8SHUVOv4oCfuMHPBNI/view?usp=drivesdk


SYLLABUS FOR GROUP-1 AND GROUP-2
GROUP-1
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1lS6LvvoYNQQVmA7EgI3K24VZoOP1XVBy/view?usp=drivesdk

GROUP 2
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1b3iIRJedT0BAwENOPKIVnQMkdDA0xPTb/view?usp=drivesdk

INDIAN POLITY REVISION

Courtesy : Thinathanthi Newspaper

IMPORTANT DAYS FOR YOU (EXAM)

உலகின் முக்கிய தினங்கள்

*ஜனவரி*
01 - ஆங்கில வருடப் பிறப்பு / உலக வருட தினம்.
05 - உலக டீசல் எந்திர தினம்
06 - உலக வாக்காளர் தினம்
08 - உலக நாய்கள் தினம்
09 - உலக இரும்பு தினம்
12-தேசிய இளைஞர் தினம்
15-இராணுவ தினம்
26-இந்திய குடியரசு தினம்
26- உலக சுங்க தினம்
27 - World Fuckers Day
30- உலக தொழுநோய் ஒழிப்பு தினம்
30 -தியாகிகள் தினம்

*பிப்ரவரி*
01 - உலக கைப்பேசி தினம்
03 - உலக வங்கிகள் தினம்
14 - உலக காதலர் தினம்
15 - உலக யானைக்கால் நோய் தினம்
19 - உலக தலைக்கவச தினம்
24 - தேசிய காலால் வரி தினம்
25 - உலக வேலையற்றோர் தினம்
26 - உலக மதுபான தினம்
28- தேசிய அறிவியல் தினம்

*மார்ச்*
08 - உலக பெண்கள் தினம்
15 - உலக நுகர்வோர் தினம்
20 - உலக ஊனமுற்றோர் தினம்
21 - உலக வன தினம்
22 - உலக நீர் தினம்
23 - உலக வானிலை ஆய்வு தினம் / உலக புத்தக மற்றும் பதிப்புரிமை தினம்
24 - உலக காசநோய் தினம்
28 - உலக கால்நடை மருத்துவ தினம்
29 - உலக கப்பல் தினம்

*ஏப்ரல்*
01 - உலக முட்டாள்கள் தினம்
02 - உலக ஓரினச் சேர்க்கையாளர்கள்  தினம்
05 - உலக கடல் தினம்
05 - தேசிய கடற்படை தினம்
07 - உலக சுகாதார தினம்
12 - உலக வான் பயண தினம்
15 - உலக பசும்பால் தினம்
18 - உலக பரம்பரை தினம்
22 - உலக பூமி தினம்
30 - உலக குழந்தைத் தொழிலாளர் தினம்

*மே*
01 - உலக தொழிலாளர் தினம்
03 - உலக சக்தி தினம்
08 - உலக செஞ்சிலுவை தினம்
09 - உலக கணிப்பொறி தினம்
11 தேசிய தொழில் நுட்ப தினம்
12 - உலக செவிலியர் தினம்
14 - உலக அன்னையர் தினம்
15 - உலக குடும்ப தினம்
16 - உலக தொலைக்காட்சி தினம்
18 - உலக டெலஸ்கோப் தினம்
24 - உலக காமன்வெல்த் தினம்
27 - உலக சகோதரர்கள் தினம்
29 - உலக தம்பதியர் தினம்
30 - உலக முதிர்கன்னிகள் தினம்
31 - உலக புகையிலை ஒழிப்பு தினம்

*ஜீன்*
01 - உலக டயலசிஸ் தினம்
02 - உலக ஆப்பிள் தினம் (Apple Sys)
04 - உலக இளம் குழந்தைகள் தினம்
05 - உலக சுற்றுப்புற தினம்
10 - உலக அலிகள் தினம்
18 - உலக தந்தையர் தினம்
23 - உலக இறை வணக்க தினம்
25 - உலக புகையிலை தினம்
26 - உலக போதை ஒழிப்பு தினம்
27 - உலக நீரழிவாளர் தினம்
28 - உலக ஏழைகள் தினம்

*ஜீலை*
01 - உலக மருத்துவர்கள் தினம்
08 - உலக யானைகள் தினம்
10 - உலக வானூர்தி தினம்
11 - உலக மக்கள் தொகை தினம்
14 - உலக மஞ்சள் தினம் (Turmeric)
16 - உலக தக்காளி தினம் (பிரான்சில் தக்காளித் திருவிழை)

*ஆகஸ்ட்*
01 - உலக தாய்ப்பால் தினம்
03 - உலக நண்பர்கள் தினம்
06 - உலக ஹிரோஷிமா தினம்
09 -வெள்ளையனே வெளியேறு தினம்
09 - உலக நாகசாகி தினம்
18 - உலக உள்நாட்டு மக்களின் சர்வதேச தினம்
19 - உலக வெளிநாட்டு மக்களின் சர்வதேச தினம்
29 - உலக தேசிய விளையாட்டு தினம்
30 - மாநில விளையாட்டு தினம்

*செப்டம்பர்*
05 - ஆசிரியர் தினம் மற்றும் சமஸ்கிருத தினம்
06 - ஹிந்தி தினம்
07 - பெங்காளி தினம் ( இந்திய தேசியகீதம் எழுதப்பட்ட பெங்காளிய மொழி)
08 - உலக எழுத்தறிவு தினம்
10 - உலக பேனா தினம்
12 - உலக மின்சார தினம்
13 - உலக மாலைக்கண் நோய் தினம்
16 - உலக ஓசோன் தினம்
18 - உலக அறிவாளர் தினம்
20 - உலக எழுத்தாளர்கள் தினம்
21 - உலக பொறியியல் வல்லுனர்கள் தினம்
25 - உலக எரிசக்தி தினம்
26 - உலக ஊமை மற்றும் காது கேளாதோர் தினம்
27 - உலக சுற்றுலா தினம்
28 - உலக எரிமலை தினம்
29 - உலக குதிரைகள் தினம்

*அக்டோபர்*
01 - உலக மூத்தோர் தினம்
02 - உலக சைவ உணவாளர் தினம்
04 - உலக விலங்குகள் தினம்
05 - உலக இயற்கைச் சூழல் தினம்
08 - உலக இயற்கை சீரழிவு குறைப்பு தினம்
08 இந்திய விமானப்படை தினம்
09 - உலக தபால் தினம்
16 - உலக உணவு தினம்
17 - உலக வறுமை ஒழிப்பு தினம்
24 - உலக ஐக்கிய நாடுகள் சபை தினம்
30 - உலக சிந்தனை தினம்

*நவம்பர்*
14-குழந்தைகள் தினம்
18 - உலக மனநோயாளிகள் தினம்
19 - உலக குடியுரிமையாளர்கள் தினம்
26 - உலக சட்ட தினம்
27 - உலக காவலர்கள் தினம்
28 - உலக நீதித்துறை தினம்

*டிசம்பர்*
01 - உலக எய்ட்ஸ் தினம்
02 - உலக அடிமைத்தனம் ஒழிக்க ஐ.நா. சபையின் சர்வதேச தினம்
10 - உலக மனித உரிமைகள் தினம்
14 - உலக ஆற்றல் தினம்
15 - உலக சைக்கிள் தினம்
23 - விவசாயிகள் தினம்
25 - திருச்சபை தினம்

CURRENT AFFAIRS 2017(JAN TO JULY)

Watch the video for  full understand
And
Click the below link to download the PDF file of current affairs 2017.

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1CjDQBCkrMlaY9wiB7YTvTQKEpIt_Dp8N/view?usp=drivesdk

NATIONAL HIGHWAYS

Watch TNPSC IMPORTANT NATIONAL HIGHWAYS.
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https://drive.google.com/file/d/1pmseB1ywLssfwe49Mla1lxU0RhnWNIkv/view?usp=drivesdk

For RAILWAY TRANSPORT

SAHITYA AKADEMI AWARD 1955 to 2017

Full details about sahitya academy award for Tamil literature from 1955 to 2017
Watch the video:

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From UPSC perspective, the following things are important:

         All aspects related to implementation and working of GST (A question was asked in Mains 2017 on it)

Problems associated with GST

The introduction of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) raised much hope that it would herald the emergence of a ‘good and simple tax’ with ‘one nation, one market, one tax’There has been considerable concern with the new tax, both in its structure and operational details, including the ease of paying the tax and filing returns. Trade and industry have been grappling with the problem of payment, filing the returns and claiming input tax credit, and exporters have been facing liquidity crises

History of GST

GST is a standard policy recommendation for every country going in for the structural adjustment programme of the International Monetary Fund The GST has taken centre-stage in many countries and is considered important in view of the competitive reduction in corporation tax rates due to high mobility of capital of over 165 countries which have adopted GST in one form or another, only five have repealed it (Belize, Ghana, Grenada, Malta and Vietnam), but have reintroduced the tax later

Desirable features of GST

It is important not to have too low thresholds Reasonably high thresholds will reduce the compliance burden to a large number of small businesses without much impact on revenue In developing countries, a threshold closer to $100,000 would eliminate 75% of the taxpayers with a revenue loss of less than 4%

2. GST should have fewer rates

Multiple rates create classification problems, are harder to administer and would require the general rate of tax to be higher. It would also invite a lot of lobbying by special interest groups

3. It is important to prepare well before the plunge

Most countries take at least two years to prepare for the introduction of reform to ensure a smooth transition. This is particularly necessary for developing and testing the technology platform, educating the tax collectors and taxpayers and to avoid any anomalies in the structure of the tax

Indian version of GST

Given that the reform had to be evolved by taking into account the views of 29 States, two Union Territories with legislatures and the Union government, compromises are inevitableIt is impossible to expect the structure of the tax to be idealSome bad initial features may be an essential compromise to get the tax accepted in the first place. Having four tax rates and three rates of cesses should have been avoidedIt enormously complicates the technology platform to ensure input tax credit mechanism

Way Forward

Problems of transition to a major tax reform are unavoidable and most countries go through this all traders, in one way or the other, are being brought into the formal sector which would hurt some of them. It appears desirable to move immediately towards three slabs with the final goal of reducing the slabs to two
and to fix the threshold at ₹50 lakh.

PROFIT OF BITCOINS

Undeclared Bitcoins Profits?

Ready To Pay 200% Penalty!
Reports are emerging from reputed publications, regarding Govt. latest move to milk bitcoin profits from Indians, and no one will be spared it seems.

If we believe Business Standard, then a 30% capital gains tax can be mandated on all bitcoin profits, if they are held for less than 3 years, and 20% capital gains tax, if they are held for more than 36 months. A concept borrowed from stock trading.

A senior Govt. official close to the developments said,

“Bitcoin taxation is a grey area at the moment. We are yet to look into it in detail. A panel may examine each issue. There are no guidelines at the moment. A clarification may come,”
Besides, some heavy penalty has been devised for those, who fail to declare profits from bitcoins. A penalty of 50-200% is being devised for such instances, when a tax payee fails to declare bitcoin earnings in a financial year, besides levying an interest of 12% per year, for the same.

Govt. Committee Will Decide Fate Of Bitcoin Profits in India

The value of bitcoins has surged past $19,000 (currently $16,000), and this astronomical surge of over 1200% value within a year has clearly unsettled the Govt. and RBI.

Reports say that a special panel be would be established, which will decide how to tax bitcoin earnings, and more importantly, whether GST rules can be applied on bitcoin investments or not.

This is in directly contradiction to what RBI had recently said about bitcoins in India, while ‘warning’ Indians against its usage:

“it (RBI) has not given any licence or authorisation to any entity or company to operate such schemes or deal with Bitcoin or any VC.”
This was RBI’s 4th warning against bitcoin usage in the last few years, and it clearly shows that although RBI is not willing to allow bitcoins in India, they are not banning it as well. And now, they want to tax it as well.

But, to be fair to RBI, they have already admitted that blockchain is a technology which will immensely help banking system in coming years, and bitcoins are based on blockchain tech.

Pretty confusing situation for a person who is a bitcoin investor, and wants to be clean in the tax rules and regulations.

Supreme Court has already asked the Centre to respond to a plea regarding bitcoin regulation in India, and the matter is subjudice.

In April this year, there were rumors of taxation policies for bitcoin users in India, and now, with recent reports, it seems that Govt. wants to indirectly control bitcoins, but cannot come out in the open, and accept that bitcoins has the power to change everything.

TNPSC TARGET 180+

GENERAL APTITUDE FOR YOU

It's very very useful for all competitive Exams.

Related video's and TARGET 180+ in TNPSC EXAMS

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And for RS AGARWAL GENERAL APTITUDE click the below link (direct download)
RS AGARWAL GENERAL APTITUDE

INDIA'S BIGGEST OIL REFINERY

Thousands of farmers from Ratnagiri district in Maharashtra have been on the roads for the last five days opposing joint land measurement exercise by government officials marking the beginning of yet another long-drawn protest in Konkan, this time against India’s biggest oil refinery proposed on the western coastline.

The Issue

Over 15,000 acres in and around Nanar in Rajapur tehsil of the district has been notified as an industrial area under Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation (MIDC) Act, instead of Land Acquisition Act, 2013.

After going through the process of seeking objections from the villagers, the government has now begun the next step of joint measurement of land.


People ignored

The Act under which land is to be acquired is draconian and gives no voice to the people, who were not consulted on the project.

The villagers are concerned at the pollution caused by the refinery once it is operational.

The government, while announcing the project, had said this is green project.

Green word is being used to fool the people. No refinery in the world is green.

Over location

The refinery’s location is another cause for concern among locals.

It will stand next to world’s biggest nuclear power project, the proposed 9900 MW Jaitapur Nuclear Power Project (JNPP).

A desiltation project and a 1,500 MW thermal power project are also proposed in the vicinity.

And this is disastrous and will completely kill the natural habitat of the region.

IMPORTANT HISTORY

TNPSC IMPORTANT HISTORY

The Aadhar Act, 2016

The Governments Announcement

Bringing relief to millions of Non Resident Indians (NRIs), Persons of Indian Origin (PIOs) and Overseas Citizens of India (OCIs), the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) has said that Aadhaar as an identity document should be sought only from those who are eligible for the unique ID as per the Aadhaar (Targeted Delivery of Financial and Other Subsidies, Benefits and Services) Act, 2016.

This means that government agencies can now exempt those belonging to these categories from furnishing Aadhaar identity for availing services as they are not eligible for enrolling for the unique ID.

The circular stated that the Prevention of Money Laundering (Maintenance of Records) Rules, 2017 and the Income Tax Act, 1961 clearly stipulate that the linking of Bank Accounts and PAN respectively is for those persons who are eligible to enrol for Aadhaar as per the Aadhaar Act, 2016.

And individuals who were not assigned Aadhaar numbers shall be offered alternate and viable means of delivery of subsidy, benefit or service.

What was the need for this announcement?

What made the situation tricky for NRIs, PIOs and OCIs is that the Act as it stands today, allows only “residents” of India to enroll for the unique identity.

The circular said the UIDAI had received several representations from these sections, informing about difficulties faced by them as various authorities demanded Aadhaar from them in respect of various services/benefits etc like maintaining existing NRE and NRO bank accounts and appearance by students in different exams in India.

The Provisions of the Aadhar Act, 2016

The Act says every resident shall be entitled to obtain an Aadhaar number by submitting his demographic information and biometric information by undergoing the process of enrolment.

Who is a resident is further defined as an individual who has resided in India for a period or periods amounting in all to one hundred and eighty-two days or more in the twelve months immediately preceding the date of application for enrolment.

Source : The Hindu

TNPSC AYAKUDI MATERIAL

TNPSC AYAKKUDI 🌲 MATERIAL WITH SOME EXTRA POINTS FOR UPCOMING EXAMS

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MUST WATCH

THE ISRAEL-PALESTINE CONFLICT — 100 YEARS OF HISTORY

A timeline of the conflict which has its roots in the late 19th century.

The Israeli-Palestinian conflict has its roots in the late 19th century when Jews fleeing anti-Semitism in Russia and central Europe began emigrating to Palestine.

Here is the timeline:

A Jewish homeland promised
In 1917,during World War I,the British capture Palestine from the Ottomans and,in the Balfour Declaration of November 2,promise the Jews a "national home" there.

Oppositionfrom the Palestinians first emerges at a congress in Jerusalem in 1919.

In1922,the League of Nations sets out the obligations of a British mandate in Palestine,including securing "establishment of the Jewish national home",the future Israel.

Britaincrushes the great Arab revolt in Palestine of 1936-1939.

Palestinesplit
Palestine is partitioned into Jewish and Arab states under United Nations Resolution 181,approved in November 1947.Jerusalem is put under international control.

Inthe split,the West Bank including east Jerusalem goes to Jordan and the Gaza Strip to Egypt.

Thestate of Israel is finally created on May 14,1948,provoking an eight-month war with Arab states.

Morethan 400 Palestinian villages are razed by Israeli forces and around 760,000Palestinian refugees flee to the West Bank,Gaza and neighbouring Arab countries.

ThePalestine Liberation Organisation (PLO)is created in 1964.
Occupationand war
In the Six-Day War in June 1967,Israel defeats Egypt,Jordan and Syria and occupies east Jerusalem,the West Bank,the Gaza Strip and the Golan Heights.

Jewishsettlement of the occupied territories starts shortly afterwards and continues in the West Bank,east Jerusalem and the Golan Heights today.

Arabstates attack Israel on October 6,1973,the Jewish holy day of Yom Kippur.Israel repels the attack.

Israelinvades civil war-wracked Lebanon on June 6,1982,to attack Palestinian militants after initially sending in its forces in 1978.Israeli-backed Lebanese militias kill hundreds in Palestinian refugee camps in Beirut.Israeli troops remain in southern Lebanon until May 2000.

Thefirst intifada,or Palestinian uprising against Israeli rule,rages from 1987 to 1993.

Abortivepeace process
In 1993,Israel and the PLO sign a declaration on principles for Palestinian autonomy after six months of secret negotiations in Oslo,launching an abortive peace process.

PLOleader Yasser Arafat returns to Gaza in July 1994 to create the Palestinian Authority.Self-rule is established for the first time in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank town of Jericho.

InSeptember 2000,right-wing Israeli opposition leader and future prime minister Ariel Sharon visits the Al-Aqsa mosque compound in east Jerusalem,a site holy to Muslims and Jews,who refer to it as the Temple Mount,sparking the first clashes of the second intifada.

Respondingto a wave of suicide bombings,Israel in 2002 invades the West Bank in its largest operation there since the 1967 war.

ModerateMahmud Abbas takes over the leadership of the Palestinian Authority in January 2005,after the death of Arafat.

Thelast Israeli forces leave Gaza after a 38-year occupation in September 2005.

Palestinianfactions
In June 2007,Islamist movement Hamas seizes control of the Gaza Strip after ferocious fighting with its rivals in the Fatah faction led by Abbas,who remains in power in the West Bank.

In2014,Israel launches a new operation against Gaza in an attempt to stop rocket fire and to destroy tunnels from the Palestinian territory.

Hamasand Fatah sign a reconciliation accord in October 2017 aimed at ending a decade of discord.

TNPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS

TNPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS PART-1 & 2

OCTOBER MONTH CURRENT AFFAIRS FOR UPCOMING COMPETITIVE EXAMS 

Part-1

Part-2

Must watch for your success.

ICAN- NOBEL PEACE PRIZE?

Ican? What do they do and why did they win the 2017 Nobel ☮️ Prize?

Anti-nuclear weapons campaign group says the 'spectre of nuclear conflict looms large' after winning Nobel prize

The group holds protests in 101 countries around the world Ican

"The Nobel Peace Prize 2017 has been awarded to the International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons"

The group - known by its acronym Ican - is a coalition working to mobilise people in countries around the world to pressure governments to ban nuclear weapons.

Inspired by the progress in banning the use of land mines, Ican was first formed in Australia but officially launched in Austria in 2007. It now operates in 101 countries.

NOBEL PEACE PRIZE WON BY CAMPAIGN TO ABOLISH NUCLEAR WEAPONS

With the support of high profile figures including the former UN secretary general, Ban Ki-moon, Ican has campaigned for the establishment of a special UN working group on advancing nuclear disarmament.

The biggest milestone in the history of Ican came this year with the adoption by 122 countries of the 2017 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons.

The treaty was hailed as the result of collective efforts by Ican alongside the Red Cross, UN agencies and individual countries.

It is hoped the treaty, which prohibits states from developing, testing, producing, manufacturing, acquiring, possessing, or stockpiling nuclear weapons, will lead to the elimination of all nuclear arms.

The Norwegian Nobel Committee announced Ican was awarded the peace prize for its work “to draw attention to the catastrophic humanitarian consequences of any use of nuclear weapons and for its ground-breaking efforts to achieve a treaty-based prohibition of such weapons”.

ICAN campaign video: It's time to ban nuclear weapons

Commenting on their win, Ican said: “This is a time of great global tension, when fiery rhetoric could all too easily lead us, inexorably, to unspeakable horror. The spectre of nuclear conflict looms large once more.

“If ever there were a moment for nations to declare their unequivocal opposition to nuclear weapons, that moment is now.

“We applaud those nations that have already signed and ratified the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons, and we urge all others to follow their lead.

“It offers a pathway forward at a time of alarming crisis. Disarmament is not a pipe dream, but an urgent humanitarian necessity.”

NEW REPORT ON MEASLES

According to a report by the the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the United Nations Foundation, UNICEF and the World Health Organization (WHO), around 20.8 million children across the world are still missing their first measles vaccine dose

More than half these unvaccinated children live in six countries
(1) Nigeria (3.3 million), (2) India (2.9 million), (3) Pakistan (2.0 million), (4) Indonesia (1.2 million), (5) Ethiopia (0.9 million), and (6) Democratic Republic of the Congo (0.7 million)

India’s situation

India has the second highest population of children who haven’t been vaccinated against measles

It happened despite the government’s focused campaign to check the highly contagious infection

Measles

Measles is a highly contagious infection caused by the measles virus

• Initial signs and symptoms typically include fever, often greater than 40 °C (104.0 °F), cough, runny nose, and inflamed eyes

• Two or three days after the start of symptoms, small white spots may form inside the mouth, known as Koplik’s spots.

• A red, flat rash which usually starts on the face and then spreads to the rest of the body typically begins three to five days after the start of symptoms.

• Symptoms usually develop 10–12 days after exposure to an infected person and last 7–10 days.[5][6] Complications occur in about 30% and may include diarrhea, blindness, inflammation of the brain, and pneumonia among others

Rubella (German measles) and roseola are different diseases.

For more information refer:
https://www.healthline.com/health/measles#overview1

FIRST CABINET OF FREE INDIA SHORTCUTS

First Cabinet of Free India (1947)
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Electronic Voting Machine in INDIA

Difference of INDIAN EVM with other Countries



Free and fair elections are central to the democratic ethos of any country. This includes fair, accurate, and transparent electoral process with outcomes that can be independently verified. Conventional voting accomplishes many of these goals. However, electoral malpractices like bogus voting and booth capturing pose a serious threat to spirit of electoral democracy. It has, thus, been the endeavour of the Election Commission of India to make reforms in the electoral process to ensure free and fair elections. EVMs, devised and designed by Election Commission of India in collaboration with two Public Sector undertakings viz., Bharat Electronics Limited, Bangalore and Electronics Corporation of India Limited, Hyderabad, is a major step in this direction.

Electronic Voting Machines ("EVM") are being used in Indian General and State Elections to implement electronic voting in part from 1999 elections and in total since 2004 elections. The EVMs reduce the time in both casting a vote and ELECTRONIC VOTING MACHINES declaring the results compared to the old paper ballot system. Bogus voting and booth capturing can be greatly reduced by the use of EVMs. Illiterate people find EVMs easier than ballot paper system. They are easier to transport the EVMs compared to ballot boxes.

EVM has become the leitmotif of the world's largest democratic exercise and gets smarter with each avatar. Here is an attempt to briefly trace the evolution of the EVM and its use in the world's largest democracy.

EVMs were first used in 50 polling stations of Parur Assembly Constituency of Kerala in May 1982. These machines could not be used after 1983 after a Supreme Court ruling that necessitated legal backing for the use of Voting machines in elections. The law was amended by Parliament in December, 1988 and a new section 61A was inserted in the Representation of the People Act, 1951 empowering the Commission to use voting machines. On 24th March, 1992, necessary amendment to the Conduct of Elections Rules, 1961 was notified by the Government in the Ministry of Law and Justice. An Expert Committee was constituted by the Govt. of India which concluded that these machines are temper proof. Since, November 1998, EVMs have been using in each and every general/ bye elections to Parliamentary and Assembly Constituency. India turned into an e-democracy in General Elections 2004 when EVMs were used across all polling Stations in the country. Since then, all elections were conducted by EVMs .

The process of electronic voting can be of three types:

(i)Direct Recording Machines placed at designated polling station,

(ii)Internet Voting

Remote Online Voting

At Designated Polling Stations

(iii)Optical Scanners

Stand-alone

Networked for centralized counting of results

EVMs used in India fall under the first type of stand-alone direct recording machines with no possibility of any kind of network connectivity where voters cast their votes at an assigned polling station on the day of election under strict administrative security ensured by the ECI.

Difference from International EVM's

Even though ECI EVMs are also direct recording machines ECI EVMs are completely different from any of the EVMs used internationally either for direct recording or for internet voting or for optical scanning. This is clearly highlighted in the comparative analysis of ECI EVMs with the DRMs used in countries like Germany, Netherland, Ireland, and USA as follows:

Germany:

In Germany, the e-voting machines manufactured by NEDAP were used in between 2005 - 2009 before it came under criticism and finally discontinued. The Bundesverfassungsgericht (the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany) ordered the discontinuation of the use of NEDAP machines in 2009 because of the below-mentioned reasons:

The use of Nedap electronic voting machines violated the principle of the public nature of elections (Article 38 in conjunction with Article 20.1 and 20.2 of the Basic Law) that requires that all essential steps in the elections are subject

INTERIM GOVERNMENT SHORTCUTS

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SAUBHAGYA SCHEME

          The Pradhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana (‘Saubhagya’)

It claims to ensure electrification of all willing households in the country

It makes promises to provide a free electricity connection to all willing BPL households

And to all others on a payment of Rs. 500 (which shall be recovered by the power distribution companies/power departments in 10 instalments along with electricity bills)

Some issues related to this scheme

It expects the poor to pay the bills without providing any subsidy to ease their burden

Even to the best of their abilities the poor would often not be in a position to pay regular electricity bills, which in turn could result in disconnection

The government has conveniently overlooked the fact that for the poor in some States, the inability to pay an electricity bill is a big impediment

This new scheme is just a way of refurbishing the Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana (DDUGJY)

The DDUGJY scheme of rural electrification launched in July 2015, which aimed to electrify all un-electrified villages by May 2018

Was DDUGJY successful?: Under DDUGJY, the government managed to electrify 14,701 villages while 2,760 villages remain un-electrified; out of these, work is still in progress in a total of 2,611 villages

However, out of the 14,701 villages, only in 8%, i.e. 1,198 villages, do all households have connectivity

The Saubhagya scheme may only be able to plug the gaps and address the issues of entry barrier, last mile connectivity and release of connections

But it can guarantee neither regular electricity supply nor continuation of those connections in case of non-payment

A free electricity connection may provide some relief as far as the financial burden is concerned

However, expecting poor households to bear the recurring burden of bills as per the prevailing tariff of DISCOMs is unimaginable

Issue with the definition of an ‘electrified village’

Even if we take into consideration the fact that so many villages have been “electrified”, the next point of contention is the definition used

According to the definition, a village is considered to be electrified if 10% households have an electricity connection and related basic infrastructure

Furthermore, even in these 10% of households, there is no promise of minimum hours of supply

Regular supply of electricity is not possible in current circumstances

Even if the programme is successful, hypothetically, and all households are provided a connection, there would still be the problem of regular supply

Industry estimates suggest that this scheme would potentially require an additional 28,000 MW and additional energy of about 80,000 million units per annum, which is roughly 7% of India’s current installed power capacity

There is a power shortage even at this moment leading to scheduled and unscheduled load shedding, often up to 10 hours or more

The problem is graver still in interior rural India

The way forward certainly, Saubhagya has some positives such as provision for households outside the reach of grid lines 

However, our contention is that the policy has set a standard for itself without enough focus on its capacity to deliver results

The policy statement echoes the commitment to facilitate economic growth and social development.

BHAGAT SINGH SENSE OF NATIONALISM

Bhagat Singh’s sense of nationalism differ from other stalwarts of the national movement. Discuss. Comment

Model Answer:

Difference between Bhagat Singh and other Freedom Fighters

1) He initially sought revolutionary mass movement against the colonial rule, many other prominent leaders resorted to non-violent struggle under Gandhi at the latter end of the freedom movement.

2) He later resorted to individual act of Revolutionary Terrorism because of rapid change of time and shocked at the death of Lala Lajpat Rai. Though he preferred mass struggle, he wanted to educate the people through his deed. It was considered as "Propaganda by deed".

But other stalwarts believed in long-struggle which involved "S-T-S" (Struggle Truce Struggle).

3) Propagated Anarchism- abolition of state, freedom from obsession of religion, money or other worldly desire. Though seemed quite radical he explained that absence of "state" did not mean absence of "order", but merely absence of chains on the body or control.

4) While Bhagat Singh abjured religion in political affairs and was conscient not to discriminate between his comrades. Other freedom fighters like Tilak, though with best intentions, had resorted to Hindu religious ceremonies for enlisting mass support. This had lead to religious conscience in the masses.

5) Bhagat Singh did not discriminate between his subjects and wrote against overt beliefs in God. Gandhiji being a conservative Hindu upheld religion in political affairs by saying that politics without ethics (religion) is dangerous.

Bhagat singh strand of nationalism was of a progressive one,wherein he wanted a dismantle of all systems which make exploitation of one man by another possible.
He stood for emancipation of a nation from all its social evils emphasising on rationality,secularism and personally adhering to atheism

His nationalism was not confined to preserving territorial integrity but ushering in social revolution.

CROPPING SYSTEM IN INDIA

Explain the types of Cropping Systems. Comment

CROPPING SYSTEM IN INDIA

Model Answer:

          Cropping pattern indicates the proportion of area under different crops at a point of time. Cropping activities go on all the year round in India provided water is available for the crops.
In India, the cropping pattern follows two distinct seasons; Kharif season from July to October and Rabi season from October to March. The crops grown between March to June called zaid.
The crops are grown solo or mixed (mixed-cropping) or in a definite sequence (rotational cropping). The land may be occupied by one crop during one session (mono cropping) or by two crops during one season (double cropping) which may be grown in a year in a sequence. We explain these cropping systems below.

Types of Cropping Systems

(a) Mono-cropping: Mono-cropping or monoculture refers to growing of only one crop on a piece of land year after year. It may be due to climatological and socioeconomic conditions or due to specialization of a farmer in growing a particular crop, e.g., under rainfed conditions, groundnut or cotton or sorghum are grown year after year due to limitation of rainfall. In canal irrigated areas, under waterlogged condition, rice crop is grown as it is not possible to grow any other crop.

(b) Multiple-cropping: Growing two or more crops on the same piece of land in one calendar year is known as multiple-cropping. It is intensification of cropping in time and space dimensions, i.e., more number of crops within a year and more number of crops on the same piece of land at any given period. It includes intercropping, mixed-cropping and sequence cropping. Double-cropping is a case where the land is occupied by two crops, which are grown in a year in sequence.

(c) Inter-cropping: Inter-cropping is growing of two or more crops simultaneously on the same piece of land with a definite row pattern. For example, growing setaria and redgram in 5:1 ratio.
Thus, cropping intensity in space dimension is achieved. Inter-cropping was originally practiced as an insurance against crop failure under rainfed conditions. At present, the main objective of inter-cropping is higher productivity per unit area in addition to stability in production. Intercropping system utilizes resources efficiently and their productivity is increased.

For successful inter-cropping, there are certain important requirements:

(1) The time of peak nutrient demands of component crops should not overlap.
(2) Competition for light should be minimum among the component crops.
(3) Complementarity should exist between the component crops.
(4) The differences in maturity of component crops should be at least 30 days.
(d) Mixed-cropping: Mixed-cropping is growing of two or more crops simultaneously intermingled without any row pattern. It is a common practice in most of dry land tracts of India. Seeds of different crops are mixed in certain proportion and are sown. The objective is to meet the family requirement of cereals, pulses and vegetables.
(e) Sequence-Cropping: Sequence cropping can be defined as growing of two or more crops in a sequence on the same piece of land in a farming year. Depending on the number of crops grown in a year it is called double, triple or quadruple cropping involving two, three and four crops respectively. In addition to the above systems, relay cropping and ratoon cropping are also in existence. Relay cropping refers to planting of the succeeding crop before harvesting the preceding crops. Ratoon cropping or ratooning refers to raising a crop with re-growth coming out of roots or stalks after harvest of the crop.
(f) Integrated Farming System: Integrated farming system is a holistic method of combining several enterprises like cropping system, diarying, piggery, poultry, fishery, bee-keeping, etc. in a harmonious way so as to complement each other.

The objective is efficient resource utilisation and maximization of profit in such a way so as to cause least damage to soil and environment.